Waterproofing Basics:Liquid Moisture Movement Mechanisms
Waterproofing basics:moisture movement mechanisms(part 1)
a) Massive inflow through building envelope's discontinuities.
This is the most powerful moisture movement mechanism and the one that could cause real catastrophes.
Rain or ground water can potentially penetrate through discontinuities as cracks, joints, penetrations, etc.
Main driving forces are gravity and wind action.
More massive water penetrations happen - in order of descending priority - through:
- basements
- flat roofs
- pitched roofs
- facades.
Water penetration in basements can assume dramatic dimensions in case of floods and/or hydrostatic pressure build-up.
Waterproofing in such cases must be combined with effective surface and subsurface water drainage systems.
Discontinuities need to be sealed with special construction sealants or flexible cementitious mortars. Except for a good waterproofing they may need some mason work.
The only hopeful fact is that these phenomena are sporadic and generally affect only limited locations of the buildings:
b) Capillary absorption or suction.
This is a mechanism mostly - but not exclusively - encountered in basements. Liquid moisture is wicked slowly and steadily through the capillary system of porous building materials as concrete, masonry etc.
This is the dominant mechanism in basements when discontinuities are absent.
Capillary absorption can evolve laterally or upwards defying gravity.
It is a molecular phenomenon. Polarity of water molecules make them adhere very well to most of the building materials. Furthermore they cohere very well, meaning that strong cohesive forces develop among them. Cohesive forces are even more powerful at the water surface and we say that water has a high surface tension.
How does the phenomenon evolves?
In phase no1
the big adhesive molecular forces between water and material's pores pull water molecules up the pore walls.
In phase no2
water surface tension assumes full responsibility to maintain the upward movement.
Surface tension strives to keep intact the notional elastic surface membrane by "obliging" surface molecules to follow the "leader" molecules in their upwards movement.
Imagine that you throw 2-3 links of a chain over the edge of a precipice. The momentum will pull together other links and the whole chain will move downwards.
The narrower the pores, the bigger the height of the water column.
Gravity will finally limit the height.
En passant we call rising damp the form of capillary suction in which we have mainly upwards movement.
And finally please mark the big irony:
It's the surface tension that prevents concrete and masonry from leaking like sieves!
Logic dictates that the minuscule water molecules - diameter of 0.28 nanometers - should pass freely through the gigantic - 2500 times bigger - material's pores.
Surface tension creates clusters of molecules and reduces the wetting capability of water. A touch of hydrostatic pressure will act as a catalyst for the wetting process.
Chris Strogilis
http://maconwaterproofing.blogspot.com
About the Author
Civil engineer with postgraduate studies in MBA and Marketing
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Northwestern University, located in Evanston, Illinois is a prestigious college with a world class academic reputation. While the academic credentials are perhaps what the Chicago area school is best known for many people are unaware of just how successful the women's lacrosse team is and the positive impact they are making as a charter member of the charitable organization Friends of Jaclyn.
Women's sports almost always get less attention than men's sports so it is not surprising that a sport like women's lacrosse would receive little national exposure. This observation is particularly clear when considering the facts that it is both a game played by females and a low profile sport in the US with rules that are only understood by a small minority of Americans. Despite these obstacles the Northwestern Wildcats women's lacrosse team has actually made some headway in terms of national recognition in large part as a result of their on field successes. While American sports fan are usually slow in adopting an appreciation for new sports they are quick to show interest in a winner.
The success the Northwestern University women have experienced can be neatly summed up by simply stating that they have won the last five national championships played from the years 2005-2009 and that during that span the ladies have put together a record of 106 wins and only 3 losses. Kim Amonte Hiller is the coach of the revered program and is the women largely responsible for raising the program to heights previously thought impossible for a Midwestern school in a sport normally dominated by east coast players and teams. In fact, the Northwestern University ladies are the only team not in the Eastern Time Zone to ever win a national championship in this sport.
Home games for the dynasty lacrosse program are played at Lakeside Field near the main campus of the school. As previously stated the girls have only suffered three rare losses during the five season national championship span with each of those losses coming in road games. Consequently the Northwestern Wildcats have the unique distinction of being able to claim that no team has come onto their field in the past five seasons and been able to knock off the home team.
Of all the trophies and awards the team and its accomplished players have received over the years the achievement the program is most proud of is their work with a young girl named Jaclyn Murphy who was diagnosed with a dangerous brain tumor as an infant. Since 2005 the team has served as a support system for Jaclyn and her family as they collectively deal with her challenging medical situation. Team members have become like big sisters to Jaclyn and she has become a sort of mascot for the squad that is inspired by the young girl. Mr. Murphy, Jaclyn's father, has been so enamored with the positive impact that the Northwestern University Women's lacrosse team has had on his little girl that he has established a charitable organization called Friends of Jaclyn which aims to match other teams (in various sports) with young children dealing with emotionally draining medical issues.
Sam, the author of this article, understands that among the numerous items Jaclyn Smith has to show her support is a Northwestern University blanket. The style of the Northwestern Wildcats blanket that Jaclyn has is likely similar to ones girls from the team have.
To find out more about Friends of Jaclyn, including how to get involved, visit the organizations website online for more information.
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